The law behind the path
The laws behind data-center approvals: land use, environmental review, energy and grid, water, construction, and operating permits, by jurisdiction. Each jurisdiction's permitting path shows the sequence those laws produce in practice.
258 jurisdictions tracked 704 instruments on record 7 law families
01
Law families
A data center is approved by many bodies rather than one, and the instruments divide into seven families. Each jurisdiction is counted once per family, by the strongest status any of its instruments in that family has reached.
| Family | The question it answers | In force | Enacted or enjoined | None on record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Land use | Who decides whether a data center may occupy a site, and through what approval? | 88 | 1 | 169 |
| Environmental review | What impact review must precede approval, and who leads it? | 87 | 2 | 169 |
| Energy and grid | What authorizations govern grid connection and onsite generation? | 122 | 3 | 133 |
| Water and utilities | Who commits water and sewer service, and under what assessment? | 21 | 1 | 236 |
| Construction | What codes and permits govern the build itself? | 42 | 0 | 216 |
| Air and operations | What permits govern backup generators and ongoing emissions? | 55 | 0 | 203 |
| Public agreements | What fiscal agreements attach a data center to its host jurisdiction? | 170 | 5 | 83 |
02
Jurisdictions
Follow a name for that jurisdiction's instruments, family by family, and the permitting path those laws produce in practice.
A law is in force Enacted, not in force (court order or future date) None in force on record
National and supranational
| Jurisdiction | Instruments | Land use | Environmental review | Energy and grid | Water and utilities | Construction | Air and operations | Public agreements |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union supranational | 2 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Afghanistan | 1 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Albania | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Algeria | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Andorra | 0 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Angola | 2 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Argentina | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Armenia | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Australia | 2 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Austria | 5 | None on record | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | In force | None on record |
| Azerbaijan | 2 | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Bahamas | 3 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Bahrain | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Bangladesh | 2 | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Barbados | 0 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Belarus | 2 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Belgium | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Belize | 2 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | Enacted, not in force |
| Benin | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Bermuda | 3 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Bhutan | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Bolivia | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Botswana | 1 | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Brazil | 7 | In force | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Brunei Darussalam | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Bulgaria | 2 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Burkina Faso | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Burundi | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Cabo Verde | 2 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Cambodia | 1 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Cameroon | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Canada | 2 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Cayman Islands | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Central African Republic | 3 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Chad | 2 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Chile | 1 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| China | 3 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Colombia | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Comoros | 1 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Cook Islands | 4 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Costa Rica | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Croatia | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Cuba | 2 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Cyprus | 1 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Czech Republic | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 3 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Denmark | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Djibouti | 2 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Dominica | 3 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Dominican Republic | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Ecuador | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Egypt | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| El Salvador | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Equatorial Guinea | 3 | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Eritrea | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Estonia | 3 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record |
| Eswatini | 2 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Ethiopia | 2 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Fiji | 4 | In force | Enacted, not in force | Enacted, not in force | None on record | None on record | None on record | Enacted, not in force |
| Finland | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| France | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record |
| Gabon | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Gambia | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Georgia | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Germany | 4 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record |
| Ghana | 2 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Greece | 1 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Grenada | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | Enacted, not in force |
| Guatemala | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Guinea | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Guinea-Bissau | 2 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Guyana | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Haiti | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Honduras | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Hungary | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Iceland | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record |
| India | 5 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Indonesia | 1 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Iran | 2 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Iraq | 2 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Ireland | 11 | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force | None on record |
| Israel | 3 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| Italy | 5 | In force | In force | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | In force |
| Jamaica | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Japan | 2 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Jordan | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Kazakhstan | 2 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Kenya | 3 | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Kiribati | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | Enacted, not in force |
| Kosovo | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record |
| Kuwait | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Kyrgyzstan | 4 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Laos | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Latvia | 2 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Lebanon | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Lesotho | 3 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Liberia | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Libya | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Liechtenstein | 2 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record |
| Lithuania | 2 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Luxembourg | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record |
| Madagascar | 2 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Malawi | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Malaysia | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Maldives | 2 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Mali | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Malta | 1 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Marshall Islands | 2 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Mauritania | 2 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Mauritius | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Mexico | 2 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Micronesia | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Moldova | 2 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Monaco | 3 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force | None on record |
| Mongolia | 3 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Montenegro | 2 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Morocco | 1 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Mozambique | 2 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Myanmar | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Namibia | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Nauru | 0 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Nepal | 3 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Netherlands | 6 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| New Zealand | 3 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record |
| Nicaragua | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Niger | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Nigeria | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| North Korea | 3 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| North Macedonia | 2 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Norway | 1 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Oman | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Pakistan | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Palau | 2 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Panama | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Papua New Guinea | 2 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Paraguay | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Peru | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Philippines | 4 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Poland | 3 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record |
| Portugal | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Qatar | 3 | None on record | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Republic of the Congo | 3 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Romania | 3 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record |
| Russia | 3 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record |
| Rwanda | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Saint Lucia | 2 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Samoa | 3 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| San Marino | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Saudi Arabia | 3 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Senegal | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Serbia | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Seychelles | 2 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Sierra Leone | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Singapore | 7 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | In force | None on record |
| Slovakia | 2 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Slovenia | 3 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record |
| Solomon Islands | 0 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Somalia | 2 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| South Africa | 2 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| South Korea | 3 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| South Sudan | 3 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Spain | 6 | In force | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Sri Lanka | 2 | None on record | None on record | Enacted, not in force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| State of Palestine | 3 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| Sudan | 1 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Suriname | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Sweden | 1 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Switzerland | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record |
| Syria | 2 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Taiwan | 1 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Tajikistan | 2 | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Tanzania | 2 | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Thailand | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Timor-Leste | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Togo | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Tonga | 0 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Tunisia | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Turkey | 5 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record |
| Turkmenistan | 6 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force |
| Tuvalu | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Uganda | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | Enacted, not in force |
| Ukraine | 0 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| United Arab Emirates | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| United Kingdom | 4 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| United States | 4 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | In force | In force | None on record |
| Uruguay | 2 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Uzbekistan | 1 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Vanuatu | 4 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Vatican City | 0 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Venezuela | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Vietnam | 2 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Yemen | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Zambia | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Zimbabwe | 3 | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
Canada: subnational
| Jurisdiction | Instruments | Land use | Environmental review | Energy and grid | Water and utilities | Construction | Air and operations | Public agreements |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 1 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
United States: subnational
| Jurisdiction | Instruments | Land use | Environmental review | Energy and grid | Water and utilities | Construction | Air and operations | Public agreements |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 3 | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Alaska | 7 | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force |
| American Samoa | 8 | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force |
| Arizona | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Arkansas | 3 | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record |
| California | 9 | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force |
| Colorado | 10 | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force | In force | None on record |
| Connecticut | 5 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| Delaware | 5 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record |
| District of Columbia | 6 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | In force | In force | None on record |
| Florida | 4 | In force | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Georgia | 3 | Enacted, not in force | Enacted, not in force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Guam | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Hawaii | 6 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| Idaho | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Illinois | 5 | In force | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | In force | In force |
| Indiana | 7 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| Iowa | 8 | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force |
| Kansas | 6 | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force |
| Kentucky | 5 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force |
| Louisiana | 5 | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force | In force | In force |
| Maine | 1 | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record |
| Maryland | 5 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| Massachusetts | 5 | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| Michigan | 5 | In force | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | In force | In force |
| Minnesota | 9 | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force |
| Mississippi | 1 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Missouri | 5 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force |
| Montana | 5 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| Nebraska | 4 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| Nevada | 5 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| New Hampshire | 4 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record |
| New Jersey | 5 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force |
| New Mexico | 7 | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force |
| New York | 8 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| North Carolina | 8 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force |
| North Dakota | 4 | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | In force |
| Northern Mariana Islands | 6 | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force | None on record | In force |
| Ohio | 4 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Oklahoma | 5 | In force | None on record | Enacted, not in force | Enacted, not in force | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Oregon | 8 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force |
| Pennsylvania | 4 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| Puerto Rico | 2 | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Rhode Island | 5 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | In force | None on record |
| South Carolina | 7 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force |
| South Dakota | 4 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | In force | None on record |
| Tennessee | 7 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force |
| Texas | 8 | In force | None on record | In force | In force | None on record | In force | In force |
| United States Virgin Islands | 2 | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force |
| Utah | 8 | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force | In force | In force |
| Vermont | 5 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | None on record |
| Virginia | 6 | In force | None on record | None on record | None on record | In force | In force | In force |
| Washington | 5 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| West Virginia | 5 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | None on record | In force | In force |
| Wisconsin | 5 | In force | None on record | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force |
| Wyoming | 7 | In force | In force | In force | None on record | In force | In force | In force |
A note on spelling: jurisdiction pages use that jurisdiction's English, so the same concept may appear as licence or license, centre or center. Official instrument names always keep their published spelling.
This index covers statutes, regulations, and the court decisions that have reached them. A jurisdiction with none on record in a family has none we have found; coverage grows as the record is read. None of it is legal advice: verify a citation before relying on it. Full sourcing: read the methodology.